Eating hot red chili peppers is associated with a 13 percent reduction in total mortality -- primarily in deaths due to heart disease or stroke - according to a study by the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont.

The study, published recently in PLoS ONE, was one of only two known studies that examined chili pepper consumption and its association with mortality. This new study corroborates the earlier study's findings.

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The other study was conducted in China and published in 2015.

Researchers used the U.S. National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) III data collected from more than 16,000 Americans who were followed for up to 23 years. Medical student Mustafa Chopan '17 and Professor of Medicine Benjamin Littenberg, M.D., examined the baseline characteristics of the participants according to hot red chili pepper consumption.

They found that consumers of hot red chili peppers tended to be "younger, male, white, Mexican-American, married, and to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, and consume more vegetables and meats ... had lower HDL-cholesterol, lower income, and less education," in comparison to participants who did not consume red chili peppers.

They examined data from a median follow-up of 18.9 years and observed the number of deaths and analyzed specific causes of death.

"Although the mechanism by which peppers could delay mortality is far from certain, Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, which are primary receptors for pungent agents such as capsaicin (the principal component in chili peppers), may in part be responsible for the observed relationship," said the study authors.

There are some possible explanations for red chili peppers' health benefits, said Chopan and Littenberg.

Among them are the fact that capsaicin -- the principal component in chili peppers -- is believed to play a role in cellular and molecular mechanisms that prevent obesity and modulate coronary blood flow.

Capsaicin also possesses antimicrobial properties that "may indirectly affect the host by altering the gut microbiota."

"Because our study adds to the generalizability of previous findings, chili pepper -- or even spicy food - consumption may become a dietary recommendation and/or fuel further research in the form of clinical trials," said Chopan.

Tagshot red chili peppers, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey