The 2014 Nobel Prize in Medicine has been awarded to three scientists who have ingeniously discovered the intricate mapping of the human brain's global positioning system along with the discovery of cells that allow this system to work.

The winners include John O'Keefe who is a professor of cognitive neuroscience from the University College London, and a married couple, May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser. 

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The trio won 8 million krona, equivalent to US$1.1 million dollars, which they will share. The Mosers who are both Norwegians will split the prize in half with O'Keefe, according to the Nobel Assembly.

The Mosers has been collaborating on this research since 1983. They have established their laboratory in Trondheim in 1996. May-Britt Moser admits she was in shock when she found out about the award and she is glad that the prize will benefit the whole community.

In 1971, O'Keefe discovered during brain mapping experiments done in rats that a unique nerve cell, located in the hippocampus area, was always activated when the rat is placed in a specific area in a room. These cells are later called "place cells" according to the assembly.

To complement this discovery, the Mosers found out another important part of this positioning sytem in 2005 where these cells produce a coordinate system that makes for precision positioning in the brain.

The 2013 Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded to three Amercan scientists namely James Rothman, Randy Schekman and Thomas C. Suedhof who demonstrated how cells transport hormones and other molecules that paved the way for new research for diabetes treatment along with neurological and immune system conditions.

The Nobel Foundation was founded in 1900 and was named after Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite. Every year, the Nobel Foundation gives out awards for those who have done outstanding achievements in the field of chemistry, literature, physics, peace and medicine.

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