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11/02/2024 07:35:14 am

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What's the Weather in an Alien Planet?

Exoplanets

(Photo : NASA/JPL-Caltech) Three Earth-like exoplanets are detected by the Kepler Space Telescope.

Astronomers forecast a cloudy weather with scorching hot spells on an exoplanet's typical day in a study published in The Astrophysical Journal on Tuesday.

The team, composed of researchers at York University in Toronto, University of Toronto, and Queen's University Belfast in Ireland studied for the first time the daily climate cycles of six huge exoplanets or Earth-like planets orbiting other stars aside from the sun using NASA's Kepler Space Telescope.

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They measured up to 2,900 degrees Fahrenheit temperature in most exoplanets observed. Also, as these exoplanets are large and very close to their host stars, it means they rotate in a counter-clockwise manner like most objects in the solar system.

To determine the weather on the exoplanets, the team identified day-night cycles and measured weather changes as they orbit their host star.

They traced each exoplanet's rotation in which different parts of the planet are illuminated by its host star. They recorded data during each cycle and phase, from fully illuminated to completely dim, according to lead researcher Lisa Esteves of the University of Toronto.

Moreover, the team observed that the planets' counter-clockwise rotation causes an eastward atmospheric wind circulation. Clouds formed at the night side, which has lower temperature, are blown to the morning side.

"As the winds continue to transport the clouds to the day side, they heat up and dissipate, leaving the afternoon sky cloud-free. These winds also push the hot air eastward from the meridian, where it is the middle of the day, resulting in higher temperatures in the afternoon," Esteves added.

This is the reason that four exoplanets experience cloudy mornings while two exoplanets have clear and hot afternoons.

Still, Earth's extreme weathers feel much milder in comparison.

No living thing can survive on any of these alien planets, but the team believes that studying their weather changes could give valuable insights in locating life beyond earth.

For instance, from the 1,832 exoplanets NASA has discovered, they need to look for planets with similar atmosphere that is abundant in oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.

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