Australian scientists have discovered mechanism that triggers Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) production which can cure blood disorders and immune diseases.

HSC can be found in the bone marrow and umbilical cord blood. It can replenish the blood cells in the human body.

Scientists said that HSC transplant is used to treating leukemia patients and is believed to have the potential to be used more widely.

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Peter Currie from the Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI) considers HSCs as the "Holy Grail" of stem cell biology.

He said that HSCs are one of the best therapeutic because they can make any blood cells in the body.

This could be used in better ways than current transplantation strategies to treat serious blood disorders and diseases, Currie said.

According to scientists, they have always found it hard to produce HSC in laboratories because a molecular switch is necessary for HSC, and that remains a mystery for them until now.

In this study, scientists noticed that HSC requires endotome cells that have stem-cell inducing properties to help their transformation.

Currie said that Endotome cells act like HSC's comfy sofa that they can snuggle in and help them progress to become full-fledged stem cells.

He also said that they did not only identify some of the cells and signals required for HSC formation but they also pinpointed the genes required for endotome formation.

Scientists found signals present in the endotome cells responsible for embryonic HSC formation that they cause to make different blood cells for different blood-related disorders.

Currie believes that HSC has the potential to correct genetic defects in cells and transplant them back into the body.

Georgina Hollway from Garyan Institute of Medical Research said that the study highlights the role of HSC formation in the body's molecular processes.

She said that even though the information is not the whole solution in the HSC lab formation it does contain vital information in the formation of hematopoietic stem cells.

To date, researchers are still trying to identify other molecular cues that can trigger HSC production.

TagsHoly Grail, holy grail of stem cell bilology, cure blood disorder